Sterilization is the ONLY type of cleaning that will kill which of the following?

Sterilization is a process that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores, which are among the most resilient organisms. Bacterial spores, produced by certain bacteria as a means of survival in harsh conditions, can withstand extreme temperatures and hostile environments. Regular disinfection and cleaning methods may reduce many types of pathogens but are generally not effective against spores. Therefore, the only reliable method to kill bacterial spores is through sterilization, which typically involves methods such as autoclaving or using specific chemical agents that are capable of breaking down the tough outer layers of the spores.

In contrast, other microorganisms like viruses, fungi, and non-pathogenic bacteria can often be effectively removed or killed using various disinfection methods, without the need for complete sterilization. This distinction is critical for maintaining hygiene and safety standards in environments such as salons, where the risk of transmitting infections can be significant if proper cleaning protocols are not strictly followed.